Croton Botanical Name Croton tiglium Physical Appearance ■■ This plant belonging to family Euphorbiaceae grows well in Assam, Bengal, and the Western Ghats. ■■ It is a small evergreen tree with ovate or elliptical leaves which are narrow-pointed, toothed, and 2 to 4 inches long, varying in colour from metallic green to bronze, orange, or yellowish ( Fig 10.10 ). ■■ Seeds are oval, smooth, 1 to 2 cm long, and brownish in colour ( Fig 10.11 ). Uses The seeds, oil, and root extract are used as a drastic purgative in folk medicine. Toxic Part Stem, leaves, seeds. Toxic Principles ■■ Crotin (toxalbumen). ■■ Crotonoside (glycoside). Clinical Features · Plants in this family contain irritant diterpene esters that are strongly irritating. Rubbing the latex of these plants to the face, or chewing on the stem may result in erythema, swelling, and blistering. Initial symptoms of reddening and swelling occur in 2 to 8 hours...
Chemicals Chemical contaminants of food include heavy metals, pesticides, and food additives. The last mentioned will be discussed in this section, while the other two entities are discussed elsewhere. Food additives may be antioxidants, flavouring agents,colouring agents, sweetening agents, thickening agents, or preservatives ( Table 33.11 ). Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Synonyms Accent, Ajinomoto, Chinese Seasoning, Glutacyl, Vetsin, Zest. Uses ■■ Flavouring agent in foods, especially Chinese food, sausages, canned soup, etc.* MSG is generally sold as a fine, white crystalline substance, similar in appearance to salt or sugar. It has a sweetish saline taste. ■■ MSG has been used to treat patients with hyperammon-aemia in conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy. Source · Glutamate, a major building block of proteins, is released during breakdown of a protein molecule, and occurs naturally in many fo...
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